MAGNETIC ENERGY BEHAVIOR IN SIMPLE CUBIC FERROMAGNETIC THIN FILMS INVESTIGATED USING THE FOURTH-ORDER PERTURBED HEISENBERG HAMILTONIAN APPROACH


This study presents a theoretical analysis of the magnetic energy behaviour in simple cubic (SC) ferromagnetic thin films with two spin layers, using a fourth-order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian. The aim is to investigate the influence of higher-order anisotropy terms, demagnetization energy, and azimuthal spin angles on total magnetic energy. By extending beyond commonly used second- and third-order perturbations, this model offers a more refined understanding of magnetic energy distributions and spin interaction sensitivity. The Hamiltonian includes seven energy components: exchange and dipole interactions, second- and fourth-order anisotropy, stress-induced anisotropy, and demagnetization energy. MATLAB simulations were employed to generate 2D and 3D energy plots, revealing periodic energy profiles and closely spaced peaks that highlight enhanced sensitivity to changes in spin orientation and anisotropy strength. Comparisons with lower-order models confirm that fourth-order terms introduce subtle but significant energy variations. Although experimental validation is beyond the scope of this work, the model provides a useful benchmark for theoretical studies. These findings may support future research in spin-layer coupling and the design of magnetic thin films for storage and spintronic applications.